13 Topics on primbon smt.1
" GREETING "
" ANNOUNCEMENT "
" SIMPLE PAST "
" SIMPLE PRESENT "
" ATTENTION "
" INVITATION "
" GIVING INSTRUCTION "
" EXPRESSING SYMPATHY "
" EXPRESSING HAPPINESS "
" RECOUNT TEXT "
" NARRATIVE TEXT "
" PROCEDURE TEXT "
" APPOINTMENT "
==============================================================================================================================================================
GREETING
GREETING is the expression which is used to address someone or other people.
GREETINGS : RESPONSES :
-Good morning. -Good morning.
-How nice to see you. -Nice to see you too.
-What a surprise. -Yeah,it's been quite a long time.
-Hi...! -Hi...
-How are you doing ? -Pretty good,thanks/fine,thanks.
-How's everything with you ? -Pretty good.
-Long time no see. -Yeah...
-Hello... -Hello...
-How are you ? -I'm fine,thanks.
Subject : I
Verb Form : Simple form
Example : I Sing
Subject : You
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : You Sing
Subject : We
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : We Sing
Subject : They
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : They Sing
Subject : He
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : He Sings
Subject : She
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : She Sings
Subject : It
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : It Sings
In the words, only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she, it) have to have a verb with –S.
Greeting are nice things to say when people meet each other. Greeting may be different from culture to culture. These are some greetings used a lot in the English language :
. Hello, hi and hey
. Good (morning, afternoon, evening)
. What’s up ?, yo, and what’s happening ? which are not formal
. G’day, a greeting used a lot in Australia
. How dy, an informal greeting used a lot in rural areas of the United States
. How do you do, which is used as a question in some places and a normal greeting in others.
for example :
1) Nina : Hello,Sinta glad to see you here.How are you ?
Sinta : Hello,Nina.I'm fine,thank you and you ?
Nina : Fine,thanks.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
ANNOUNCEMENT
ANNOUNCEMENT is something said,written or printed to make known what has happened or {more often}what will happen.
> ANNOUNCEMENT uses present tense and future tense
> GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ANNOUNCEMENT IS :
To : Untuk siapa
Content : Isi pengumuman
Title : Judul/tentang
Date : Tempat dan waktu
Contact person/from : Orang yang dapat dihubungi
apabila isi pengumuman kurang jelas
EXAMPLE :
ANNOUNCEMENT
Monday,April 21,is the kartini's day.To celebrate it,each class must present a couple of a boy and girl.They have to perform and wear the traditional costumes.Also,there will be a cooking competition.Each class presents two group,i.e. one group consists of 3-4 students.The categories for judging will be the best performance and creativity.Winners will receive prizes at 02:00 p.m.In the school hall on the same day.For more information,please confirm with your class teacher.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
SIMPLE PAST
The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once,never,several times.It can also be used for actions taking place one,after,another or in the middle of another action.
Form of Simple Past :
(+) S + Vi
(-) S + to be + NOT + Vii
(?) To be + S + Vi
(+) I Spoke
(-) I didn’t spoke
(?) Did I speak ?
For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add ”ed”.
Exceptions in spelling when adding “ed”.
Exceptions in spelling when adding (ed) :
1.After a final e only add d
[ love – loved ]
2.Final consonant after a short stresses vowel or I as final consonant after a vowel is doubled
[ admint – admitted ]
[ travel – traveled ]
3. Finally after a consonant becomes (i)
[ hurry – hurried ]
Signal words of Simple Past :
. Yesterday
. 2 minute ago
. in 1990
. The other day
. Last Friday
Simple Past Form :
Verb + “ed” or irregular verbs
Example :
. You called Debbie.
. You didn’t call Debbie.
. Did you call Debbie ?
Use of Simple Past :
. Use 1 Completed Action in the past
. Use 2 A series of Completed Actions
. Use 3 Duration in past
. Use 4 Habits in the past
. Use 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
Simple Present
Definition of Simple Present :
. Actions that are reparted or habitual
. States
. Statements that are always TRUE.
Form :
Verb + s/es in third person
Examples :
. You speak English
. You don’t speak English
. Do you speak English ?
The form of the “verb” is usually the same as the “base form”, but the third “person singular” add s/es. Some verbs change, like “to be”, which uses “am, is, are” and “ to have ”, where the third person is “has” the auxiliary verb “to do” is used in a negative structure or a question :
. Do you like tea ?
. Does she live nearby ?
. I don’t like them.
. She doesn’t go to the theater very often.
The third person returns to the base form when “does” or “doesn’t” are used.
Active / Passive ??
Examples :
. Once a week, Tom cleans the car. (active)
. Once a week, the car is clean by Tom. (passive)
.......................................................................................................................................................................
SIMPLE PRESENT
Definition of Simple Present :
. Actions that are reparted or habitual
. States
. Statements that are always TRUE.
Form :
Verb + s/es in third person
Examples :
. You speak English
. You don’t speak English
. Do you speak English ?
The form of the “verb” is usually the same as the “base form”, but the third “person singular” add s/es. Some verbs change, like “to be”, which uses “am, is, are” and “ to have ”, where the third person is “has” the auxiliary verb “to do” is used in a negative structure or a question :
. Do you like tea ?
. Does she live nearby ?
. I don’t like them.
. She doesn’t go to the theater very often.
The third person returns to the base form when “does” or “doesn’t” are used.
Active / Passive ??
Examples :
. Once a week, Tom cleans the car. (active)
. Once a week, the car is clean by Tom. (passive)
..........................................................................................................................................................................
ATTENTION
ATTENTION is the cognitive process of selective concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things.
Example include listening carefully to what someone is saying while ignoring other conversations in a room or listening to a cell phone conversation while driving a car.
Attention is probably not just one thing, but a loose assortment of related phenomena.
ATTENTION to show moment somebody want to talk the important something or one announcement or to need something.
what would you say togain attention :
-Attention,pleace
-May I/can I have your attention ,please ?
-Excuse me
-Look here
-Listen to me,please
-Waiter ?
EXAMPLE :
Teacher : Attention,please.Today we will watch a movie in the selp
acces center what do you think ?
Students : That's great !
..........................................................................................................................................................................
INVITATION
INVITATION is the first full-length studio album from the finish power metal, band Altaria.A request to participate or be present or take part in something, an invitation lunch, she threw the invitation away.A tempting allurement, she was an invitation to trouble.
Purpose of Invitation :
To provide all interested parties with some indication of the process and criteria applioable to the awarding of Bingo licences. Also, it will provide interested parties with clear guide lines on the information required by the board to be include in an applicant’s application.
Format of Invitation :
- Section 1
Provides general information regarding application procedures and the terms and conditions applicable to application.
- Section 2
Provides the broad assement criteria to be applied by the board in awarding licences.
- Section 3
Contains the lisence application form and application in instructions and provides particulars of the additional submission requirements,including proformas which must be completed.
........................................................................................................................................................................
GIVING INSTRUCTION
GIVING INSTRUCTION is a sentence that used to give instruction to other people.And this sentence usually used by people to do something.
- There are types of instructions which a teacher needs in the young learner
classroom :
. Instructions between activities.
. Instructions to organize an activity.
- Example of Instruction :
. Close the door, please ! (+) . Don’t open your book ! (-)
. Turn on the AC, please ! (+) . Don’t speak much ! (-)
. Open the window, please ! (+) . Don’t make me angry ! (-)
. Clean the board, please ! (+) . Don’t eat my food ! (-)
. Sweep the floor, please ! (+) . Don’t touch my car ! (-)
..........................................................................................................................................................................
EXPRESSING SYMPATHY
Definitions of EXPRESSING SYMPATHY :
> An inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion.
> Sharing the fellings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or anguish).
> A relation of affinity or harmony between people,what ever affects one correspondingly affect the others.
> Shympathy is a social affinity in which one person stands with another person,closely understanding her or his feelings.
> Sympathy is a technical death metal band from London,Ontario formed in 1991.
-> Sample Condolence Letter
March 11,2008
Dear Bob,
I was depply saddened to hear the news about the death of your mother,
and I would like to convey my deepest sympathy to you and your family
Mary was greatly loved by us and we will always remember her wonderful hospitality and warm heart.
I know difficult this must be for you .please let me know if I can help in any way.
Maybe you’d like to send the kids to us for the weekend?
Love,
David
..........................................................................................................................................................................
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS is feeling we are succes to do something.
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS :
-I'm happy...
-I'm (very) pleased / (really delighted (about))...
-I can't say how pleased/delighted I am about it.
-Great!
-Terrific!
-Fantastic
-Wonderful
EXAMPLE :
Mother : Vani,why don't you eat now ? I've cooked your favorite food,chicken
curry.
Vani : Oh have you ? Great,mom.thank you!I haven't eaten is for a long time.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
RECOUNT
RECOUNT tell the reader what happened.They retell a past event (e.g a visit to a farm). Recounts begin by telling the reader who was involved,what happened,where this event took place and when it happen.This is called the orientation.The sequence of events is then described in some sort of order (e.g time).There may be a re-orientation at the end which summarises the event.
Writing Recounts :
When writing recounts, you should :
· Focus on individual people in use the words, I or we.
· Use words which indicate when (e.g after lunch) and where the events took place (e.g the shed).
· Write in the past tense (e.g had, visited)
· Use action words (e.g helped, crutched).
Purpose of Recounts :
The purpose of recount is to retell events. The prefix re means again. So to recount is to state again.
Structure
There is often an opening or setting of a scene (e.g I went to the park).
The events in a recount are often in the order that they happen :
· I went to the park and I saw a pond. The pond had ducks sitting at the side of it.
· A recount will often have a closing statement. (e.g I left the park and went home).
Language Features :
Recount are written in the first in the past tense.
Thet can be written in the first or the third person.
1st person it is happening to the person writing the recount i.e. I went to park.
3rd person an observer is telling it. Tom went to the park, there he saw a pond.
The connectives in a recount are often next, than, after that.
Recounts focus on what an individual or a group of people were doing.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
NARRATIVE
Nerrative tekt is a text that tells a story / description of events.
Purpose of Narrative text :
To entertain, to gain and hold a reader’s interest. However narratives can also be
written to teach or inform, to change attitudes / social opinions.
Types of Narrative are Imaginary and Factual or a combination of both.
They may include Fairy Stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror
stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads,
slice of life, and personal experience.
Features :
· Characters with defined personalities / identities
· Dialogue often include – tense may change to the present or the future
· Descriptive language to create images in the reader’s mind and enhance the story.
Structure :
In a traditional narrative, the focus of the text is on a series of actions :
* Orientation :
In which the characters, setting and time of the story are established. Usually
answers who ? when ? where ?
e.g Mr.Wolf went out hunting in the forest one dark goomy night.
* Complication or a problem :
The complication usually involves the main character(s).
(often mirroring the complications in real life).
* Resolution :
There needs to be a resolution of the complication.
The complication may be resolved for better or worse / hapilly or unhappily.
* Re-orientation
The ending of story.
* Evaluation
A stepping back to evaluatethe story or the moral message of the story.
The narrative text use the temporal conjuction . Example :
. once upon a time
. after
. before
. when
. Then, etc.
Sometimes there are a number of complications that have to be resolved.
These add sustain interest and suspense for the reader.
To help students plan for writing of narratives , model, focusing on :
· Plot : what is going to happen ?
· Setting : where and when will the story take place ?
· Characterisation : who are the main characters ? what do they look like ?
· Structure : how will the story begin ? what will be the problem ? how is the problem going to be resolved ?
· Theme : what is the theme / message the writer is attempting to communicate ?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE help us do a task or make something. They can be set of instructions or directions (e.g step by step method to germinate seeds).
The text below is an example of a procedure. The labels show the structure and language features of procedure text.
> Writing procedure <
When writing procedures you should :
· Use present tense (e.g spray)
· Include technical terms when you need to (e.g friable)
· Use words that tell the reader how, when and where to perform the task (e.g firmly).
............................................................................................................................................................................
APPOINTMENT
APPOINTMENT is making a plan to do something with someone for now.
Appointment may refer to a number of things, including the following :
An appointment in government also refers to the assignment of a person by an official to perform duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.
This may also happen for an office which is normally elected, but has an unexpected vacancy. A person appointed but not yet in office is a designate.
The power of appointment, in low, is the ability of a testator to select another person to dispose of the testator’s property.
Appointment is used to describe a system of selecting candidates in which the choice is made by an individual or panel rather than by a poll of the populace in general (election), or through random selection callotment / sortition as used to select juries.
==============================================
" GREETING "
" ANNOUNCEMENT "
" SIMPLE PAST "
" SIMPLE PRESENT "
" ATTENTION "
" INVITATION "
" GIVING INSTRUCTION "
" EXPRESSING SYMPATHY "
" EXPRESSING HAPPINESS "
" RECOUNT TEXT "
" NARRATIVE TEXT "
" PROCEDURE TEXT "
" APPOINTMENT "
==============================================================================================================================================================
GREETING
GREETING is the expression which is used to address someone or other people.
GREETINGS : RESPONSES :
-Good morning. -Good morning.
-How nice to see you. -Nice to see you too.
-What a surprise. -Yeah,it's been quite a long time.
-Hi...! -Hi...
-How are you doing ? -Pretty good,thanks/fine,thanks.
-How's everything with you ? -Pretty good.
-Long time no see. -Yeah...
-Hello... -Hello...
-How are you ? -I'm fine,thanks.
Subject : I
Verb Form : Simple form
Example : I Sing
Subject : You
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : You Sing
Subject : We
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : We Sing
Subject : They
V.Form : S.Form
Ex. : They Sing
Subject : He
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : He Sings
Subject : She
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : She Sings
Subject : It
V.Form : S.Form + S
Ex. : It Sings
In the words, only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she, it) have to have a verb with –S.
Greeting are nice things to say when people meet each other. Greeting may be different from culture to culture. These are some greetings used a lot in the English language :
. Hello, hi and hey
. Good (morning, afternoon, evening)
. What’s up ?, yo, and what’s happening ? which are not formal
. G’day, a greeting used a lot in Australia
. How dy, an informal greeting used a lot in rural areas of the United States
. How do you do, which is used as a question in some places and a normal greeting in others.
for example :
1) Nina : Hello,Sinta glad to see you here.How are you ?
Sinta : Hello,Nina.I'm fine,thank you and you ?
Nina : Fine,thanks.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
ANNOUNCEMENT
ANNOUNCEMENT is something said,written or printed to make known what has happened or {more often}what will happen.
> ANNOUNCEMENT uses present tense and future tense
> GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ANNOUNCEMENT IS :
To : Untuk siapa
Content : Isi pengumuman
Title : Judul/tentang
Date : Tempat dan waktu
Contact person/from : Orang yang dapat dihubungi
apabila isi pengumuman kurang jelas
EXAMPLE :
ANNOUNCEMENT
Monday,April 21,is the kartini's day.To celebrate it,each class must present a couple of a boy and girl.They have to perform and wear the traditional costumes.Also,there will be a cooking competition.Each class presents two group,i.e. one group consists of 3-4 students.The categories for judging will be the best performance and creativity.Winners will receive prizes at 02:00 p.m.In the school hall on the same day.For more information,please confirm with your class teacher.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
SIMPLE PAST
The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once,never,several times.It can also be used for actions taking place one,after,another or in the middle of another action.
Form of Simple Past :
(+) S + Vi
(-) S + to be + NOT + Vii
(?) To be + S + Vi
(+) I Spoke
(-) I didn’t spoke
(?) Did I speak ?
For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add ”ed”.
Exceptions in spelling when adding “ed”.
Exceptions in spelling when adding (ed) :
1.After a final e only add d
[ love – loved ]
2.Final consonant after a short stresses vowel or I as final consonant after a vowel is doubled
[ admint – admitted ]
[ travel – traveled ]
3. Finally after a consonant becomes (i)
[ hurry – hurried ]
Signal words of Simple Past :
. Yesterday
. 2 minute ago
. in 1990
. The other day
. Last Friday
Simple Past Form :
Verb + “ed” or irregular verbs
Example :
. You called Debbie.
. You didn’t call Debbie.
. Did you call Debbie ?
Use of Simple Past :
. Use 1 Completed Action in the past
. Use 2 A series of Completed Actions
. Use 3 Duration in past
. Use 4 Habits in the past
. Use 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
Simple Present
Definition of Simple Present :
. Actions that are reparted or habitual
. States
. Statements that are always TRUE.
Form :
Verb + s/es in third person
Examples :
. You speak English
. You don’t speak English
. Do you speak English ?
The form of the “verb” is usually the same as the “base form”, but the third “person singular” add s/es. Some verbs change, like “to be”, which uses “am, is, are” and “ to have ”, where the third person is “has” the auxiliary verb “to do” is used in a negative structure or a question :
. Do you like tea ?
. Does she live nearby ?
. I don’t like them.
. She doesn’t go to the theater very often.
The third person returns to the base form when “does” or “doesn’t” are used.
Active / Passive ??
Examples :
. Once a week, Tom cleans the car. (active)
. Once a week, the car is clean by Tom. (passive)
.......................................................................................................................................................................
SIMPLE PRESENT
Definition of Simple Present :
. Actions that are reparted or habitual
. States
. Statements that are always TRUE.
Form :
Verb + s/es in third person
Examples :
. You speak English
. You don’t speak English
. Do you speak English ?
The form of the “verb” is usually the same as the “base form”, but the third “person singular” add s/es. Some verbs change, like “to be”, which uses “am, is, are” and “ to have ”, where the third person is “has” the auxiliary verb “to do” is used in a negative structure or a question :
. Do you like tea ?
. Does she live nearby ?
. I don’t like them.
. She doesn’t go to the theater very often.
The third person returns to the base form when “does” or “doesn’t” are used.
Active / Passive ??
Examples :
. Once a week, Tom cleans the car. (active)
. Once a week, the car is clean by Tom. (passive)
..........................................................................................................................................................................
ATTENTION
ATTENTION is the cognitive process of selective concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things.
Example include listening carefully to what someone is saying while ignoring other conversations in a room or listening to a cell phone conversation while driving a car.
Attention is probably not just one thing, but a loose assortment of related phenomena.
ATTENTION to show moment somebody want to talk the important something or one announcement or to need something.
what would you say togain attention :
-Attention,pleace
-May I/can I have your attention ,please ?
-Excuse me
-Look here
-Listen to me,please
-Waiter ?
EXAMPLE :
Teacher : Attention,please.Today we will watch a movie in the selp
acces center what do you think ?
Students : That's great !
..........................................................................................................................................................................
INVITATION
INVITATION is the first full-length studio album from the finish power metal, band Altaria.A request to participate or be present or take part in something, an invitation lunch, she threw the invitation away.A tempting allurement, she was an invitation to trouble.
Purpose of Invitation :
To provide all interested parties with some indication of the process and criteria applioable to the awarding of Bingo licences. Also, it will provide interested parties with clear guide lines on the information required by the board to be include in an applicant’s application.
Format of Invitation :
- Section 1
Provides general information regarding application procedures and the terms and conditions applicable to application.
- Section 2
Provides the broad assement criteria to be applied by the board in awarding licences.
- Section 3
Contains the lisence application form and application in instructions and provides particulars of the additional submission requirements,including proformas which must be completed.
........................................................................................................................................................................
GIVING INSTRUCTION
GIVING INSTRUCTION is a sentence that used to give instruction to other people.And this sentence usually used by people to do something.
- There are types of instructions which a teacher needs in the young learner
classroom :
. Instructions between activities.
. Instructions to organize an activity.
- Example of Instruction :
. Close the door, please ! (+) . Don’t open your book ! (-)
. Turn on the AC, please ! (+) . Don’t speak much ! (-)
. Open the window, please ! (+) . Don’t make me angry ! (-)
. Clean the board, please ! (+) . Don’t eat my food ! (-)
. Sweep the floor, please ! (+) . Don’t touch my car ! (-)
..........................................................................................................................................................................
EXPRESSING SYMPATHY
Definitions of EXPRESSING SYMPATHY :
> An inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion.
> Sharing the fellings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or anguish).
> A relation of affinity or harmony between people,what ever affects one correspondingly affect the others.
> Shympathy is a social affinity in which one person stands with another person,closely understanding her or his feelings.
> Sympathy is a technical death metal band from London,Ontario formed in 1991.
-> Sample Condolence Letter
March 11,2008
Dear Bob,
I was depply saddened to hear the news about the death of your mother,
and I would like to convey my deepest sympathy to you and your family
Mary was greatly loved by us and we will always remember her wonderful hospitality and warm heart.
I know difficult this must be for you .please let me know if I can help in any way.
Maybe you’d like to send the kids to us for the weekend?
Love,
David
..........................................................................................................................................................................
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS is feeling we are succes to do something.
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS :
-I'm happy...
-I'm (very) pleased / (really delighted (about))...
-I can't say how pleased/delighted I am about it.
-Great!
-Terrific!
-Fantastic
-Wonderful
EXAMPLE :
Mother : Vani,why don't you eat now ? I've cooked your favorite food,chicken
curry.
Vani : Oh have you ? Great,mom.thank you!I haven't eaten is for a long time.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
RECOUNT
RECOUNT tell the reader what happened.They retell a past event (e.g a visit to a farm). Recounts begin by telling the reader who was involved,what happened,where this event took place and when it happen.This is called the orientation.The sequence of events is then described in some sort of order (e.g time).There may be a re-orientation at the end which summarises the event.
Writing Recounts :
When writing recounts, you should :
· Focus on individual people in use the words, I or we.
· Use words which indicate when (e.g after lunch) and where the events took place (e.g the shed).
· Write in the past tense (e.g had, visited)
· Use action words (e.g helped, crutched).
Purpose of Recounts :
The purpose of recount is to retell events. The prefix re means again. So to recount is to state again.
Structure
There is often an opening or setting of a scene (e.g I went to the park).
The events in a recount are often in the order that they happen :
· I went to the park and I saw a pond. The pond had ducks sitting at the side of it.
· A recount will often have a closing statement. (e.g I left the park and went home).
Language Features :
Recount are written in the first in the past tense.
Thet can be written in the first or the third person.
1st person it is happening to the person writing the recount i.e. I went to park.
3rd person an observer is telling it. Tom went to the park, there he saw a pond.
The connectives in a recount are often next, than, after that.
Recounts focus on what an individual or a group of people were doing.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
NARRATIVE
Nerrative tekt is a text that tells a story / description of events.
Purpose of Narrative text :
To entertain, to gain and hold a reader’s interest. However narratives can also be
written to teach or inform, to change attitudes / social opinions.
Types of Narrative are Imaginary and Factual or a combination of both.
They may include Fairy Stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror
stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads,
slice of life, and personal experience.
Features :
· Characters with defined personalities / identities
· Dialogue often include – tense may change to the present or the future
· Descriptive language to create images in the reader’s mind and enhance the story.
Structure :
In a traditional narrative, the focus of the text is on a series of actions :
* Orientation :
In which the characters, setting and time of the story are established. Usually
answers who ? when ? where ?
e.g Mr.Wolf went out hunting in the forest one dark goomy night.
* Complication or a problem :
The complication usually involves the main character(s).
(often mirroring the complications in real life).
* Resolution :
There needs to be a resolution of the complication.
The complication may be resolved for better or worse / hapilly or unhappily.
* Re-orientation
The ending of story.
* Evaluation
A stepping back to evaluatethe story or the moral message of the story.
The narrative text use the temporal conjuction . Example :
. once upon a time
. after
. before
. when
. Then, etc.
Sometimes there are a number of complications that have to be resolved.
These add sustain interest and suspense for the reader.
To help students plan for writing of narratives , model, focusing on :
· Plot : what is going to happen ?
· Setting : where and when will the story take place ?
· Characterisation : who are the main characters ? what do they look like ?
· Structure : how will the story begin ? what will be the problem ? how is the problem going to be resolved ?
· Theme : what is the theme / message the writer is attempting to communicate ?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE help us do a task or make something. They can be set of instructions or directions (e.g step by step method to germinate seeds).
The text below is an example of a procedure. The labels show the structure and language features of procedure text.
> Writing procedure <
When writing procedures you should :
· Use present tense (e.g spray)
· Include technical terms when you need to (e.g friable)
· Use words that tell the reader how, when and where to perform the task (e.g firmly).
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APPOINTMENT
APPOINTMENT is making a plan to do something with someone for now.
Appointment may refer to a number of things, including the following :
An appointment in government also refers to the assignment of a person by an official to perform duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.
This may also happen for an office which is normally elected, but has an unexpected vacancy. A person appointed but not yet in office is a designate.
The power of appointment, in low, is the ability of a testator to select another person to dispose of the testator’s property.
Appointment is used to describe a system of selecting candidates in which the choice is made by an individual or panel rather than by a poll of the populace in general (election), or through random selection callotment / sortition as used to select juries.
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